Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow and blood cells. It is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of myeloid cells, which are responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
CML is caused by a genetic abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome, which results from a translocation (exchange of genetic material) between chromosomes 9 and 22. This translocation creates a fusion gene called BCR-ABL1, which produces a protein that promotes the excessive growth of white blood cells.
Treatment options for CML have significantly improved over the years, and the goal of therapy is to control the disease and allow patients to live normal life. The treatment approach for CML typically involves:
1. Targeted therapy: The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized the treatment of CML. TKIs, such as imatinib (Veenat 400mg tablet), dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib, work by inhibiting the activity of the BCR-ABL1 protein, effectively reducing the growth of cancer cells. TKIs are usually the first-line treatment for CML and have shown excellent results in achieving high rates of response and long-term survival.
2. Stem cell transplantation: In some cases, particularly for individuals who don't respond well to TKIs or have progressed to an advanced stage of CML, a stem cell transplant (also known as a bone marrow transplant) may be considered. This procedure involves replacing the diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells from a matched donor, with the goal of restoring normal blood cell production.
3. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs, such as hydroxyurea or busulfan, may be used to help control the growth of CML cells and alleviate symptoms.
4. Immunotherapy: Interferon-alpha and other immunotherapy medications may be used to stimulate the immune system and target CML cells.
5. Clinical trials: Researchers are continually exploring new treatment options for CML through clinical trials. These trials investigate novel drugs, combination therapies, and alternative approaches to improve outcomes for patients with CML. Engaging in clinical trials can be a potential choice for certain individuals, especially those who have undergone all standard treatment options or possess specific attributes that could potentially benefit from experimental therapies.
It's essential for individuals diagnosed with CML to work closely with a hematologist or oncologist who specializes in the treatment of blood cancers. These specialists can tailor the treatment plan based on the individual's specific needs, stage of the disease, and other factors and closely monitor the response to therapy through regular blood tests and other diagnostic tools.
