When the overall volume of blood circulating throughout the body significantly decreases, a condition known as blood volume loss, or hypovolemia occurs. Numerous things, such as bleeding, fluid loss, trauma, or specific medical disorders, might contribute to this syndrome. The symptoms and treatment may differ depending on the severity and underlying cause of blood volume loss.
Symptoms of Blood Volume Loss (Hypovolemia):
- Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
- Low blood pressure (hypotension)
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Pale skin
- Cold, clammy skin
- Weakness or fatigue
- Confusion or disorientation
- Thirst
- Reduced urine output
- Rapid, shallow breathing
Treatment of Blood Volume Loss: Replacement of the lost fluid and therapy of the underlying cause is the main goals of treatment for blood volume loss. Following are some possible general actions:
Replacement of fluids: Fluids are given intravenously (IV) to increase blood volume. The kind and quantity of fluid required will vary depending on the condition's severity, the reason for fluid loss, and the patient's requirements. Commonly used isotonic crystalloid solutions include lactated Ringer's solution and normal saline.
Addressing the Underlying Cause: For hypovolemia to be effectively treated, the underlying cause must be found and addressed. Stopping bleeding, treating infections, or taking proper care of diseases like diabetes or kidney illness may all be included in this.
Medication: Medication may occasionally be administered to treat a particular cause of blood volume loss or to stabilise blood pressure. For instance, drugs that encourage clotting or reduce bleeding may be given if bleeding is the root cause of the problem. Human albumin is the active ingredient of the 100ml human albumin 20% injection (Grifols). It comprises a human plasma-derived liquid albumin solution. It is given to patients to replenish blood or bodily fluids lost due to ailments such as heavy bleeding, surgery, or renal dialysis.
Red blood cell replacement and oxygen-carrying capability restoration may be achieved with blood transfusions in cases of extreme blood loss.
Monitoring and supportive care: Blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output must all be closely monitored in patients with hypovolemia. Supportive care may be given, such as oxygen therapy or pain control.
It is crucial to remember that a person's health and needs should dictate how qualified medical experts deliver the treatment for blood volume loss. It is advisable to get immediate medical help if you or someone you know exhibits hypovolemic symptoms.
